“UREA FERTILIZER EFFECT ON THE CONTENT OF PLANT GROWTH OF CORN ”
Compiled by :
NAME : ● RIZKY HARRY SETIAWAN
●
PUTU LEONALDY
● MUHAMMAD BANI PRATAMA
● TIFFANY DEANIDIA
● TIFFANY DEANIDIA
● VIA
ARDHYA GARINI LINTANG
CLASS : XII
SCIENCE 7
B.STUDY : BIOLOGY
DATE : MONDAY ,NOVEMBER
7,2011
SMA NEGERI 3 KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
TAHUN AJARAN
2011/2012
“UREA FERTILIZER EFFECT ON THE CONTENT OF PLANT
GROWTH OF CORN”
L
Compiled by :
RIZKY HARRY SETIAWAN
PUTU
LEONALDY
MUHAMMAD BANI PRATAMA
TIFFANY
DEANIDIA
VIA
ARDHYA GARINI LINTANG
2011/2012
SMA NEGERI 3 KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
Praise and gratitude we pray to Allah SWT, thanks to an abundance of gifts we can accomplish the task of our scientific work entitled "UREA FERTILIZER EFFECT ON THE CONTENT OF PLANT GROWTH OF CORN" as good as possible. Right now we are in the 21st century, a century full of competition, both local competition, national, and global.
Competition in all things can not be avoided.
Therefore, we must equip ourselves to face the competition. Provision of
science and technology alone are not enough because in the era of the current
global system will not only rely on individuals, but also a network of
cooperation with other parties. Therefore, opportunities and competition in the
food industry is needed.
Scientific work is designed to assist farmers in an effort to increase the productivity of maize among others can be done with the provision of fertilizer, either organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. Provision of organic fertilizer to improve soil properties such as physical properties, chemical and biological tanah.Selain organic fertilizers, urea fertilizer as a source of nutrient N is the effort made in improving the productivity of many vegetables, especially corn.
In the manufacture of writing scientific papers, we have a lot to do percobaab as well as direct observation to farmers of corn, including seed selection, soil texture and fertility. And to analyze the harvest of some farmers to grow more quickly find out where the proportion of fertilizers as well. And we find out why this could happen like that, and report our observations on the observations accompanied the growth of corn plants.
Finally, our gratitude goes to all those who have helped in making this scientific work, especially to the mother zuriah.spd. that has guided us all in the classroom, he taught the theories about the creation of a scientific work. We hope that our scientific work is more competent in communication and contributes to improving the quality of learning biology.
South Tangerang, 7 November 2011
Author
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ………….…..………………………………….……………………………………. i
TABLE
OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………… ii
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
…………………………………………………….
………….. 1
A.
Background
….…………………………………………………………….....………….. 1
B.
Research Objectives …………………………………………………………………… 1
C. Place of Research ………………………………………………………….
……………… 2
D. Time Research……………………………………………………………………………. 2
E. Problem formulation.……………….……………………………………………………… 2
F. Benefits of Research………………………………………………………………………… 2
G.
Independent Variable………………………………….……………………. ………………
2
H. Hypothesis Formulation ………………………………………………….... ……………… 2
CHAPTER II BASIS OF THEORY...................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER III REVIEW REFERENCES ……………………………………....................... 4
CORN ……………………………………………...……………………………………… 4
FERTILIZER…………………………………………………………………………….. 5
UREA …………………………………………...…………………...................................5
CHAPTER IV CONCEPT OF GROWTH ………………………………………………………8
1. Concept germination …..………………..………………………………………………… . 8
2. Phase
germination …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
3. Growth phase and germination ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
4. Types of corn crop after germination was observed ………………………………………………………….. 8
5. Growth factors affecting corn crops
…………………………………………………………………………. 9
CHAPTER V INSTRUMENT OBSERVATION ……………………………...................... 10
A. Tool………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
B. Material …………………………………………………………………………………… 10
C. How it work research …………………………………………………………………….. 10
CHAPTER VI TABLE OF DATA OBSERVATION
………………………….......................... 11
CHAPTER VII DIAGRAM OF DATA OBSERVATIONS………………………………… 12
CHAPTER VIII
DATA ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………..
13
CHAPTER XI CLOSING …………………………………………………………................. 14
A. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………… 14
B. Sugeestion…………………………………………………………………………….. 14
REFERENCES
………………………………………………………………………………... 15
APPENDIX …………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Increasing population in urban areas bring the impact of increased food
needs. Various efforts have been made to increase food
production, yet still not able to match market demand. This situation is made possible, among others, as a
result of increasing population, improved earnings and increased awareness of
nutrition. Also in big cities who
want the growing demand for corn commodity market with good quality and with
various types are more diverse. Various
types of corn grown by farmers on the outskirts of urban areas in arable land
is narrow.
Maize (zea mays), a type of plant that includes types of vegetables and crops for food. Corn sold in many markets. corn is widely available in Asia and is a plant that can be found almost in the fields, mountains,etc..
Maize (zea mays), a type of plant that includes types of vegetables and crops for food. Corn sold in many markets. corn is widely available in Asia and is a plant that can be found almost in the fields, mountains,etc..
Efforts to improve the productivity of maize of which can be done with the provision of fertilizer, both organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. Provision of organic fertilizer can improve soil properties such as physical properties, chemical and biological soil. In addition to the provision of organic fertilizer, urea fertilizer as a source of nutrient N is a lot of effort made in improving the productivity of vegetables, especially corn. Several kinds of organic fertilizer with the advantages and disadvantages of each available field, in addition to organic fertilizer which is owned by farmers such as cow manure and chicken manure. Society demands high-quality vegetables, agricultural products, are available at all times and not contaminated by residues of toxic chemicals.
Vegetable farm on the
outskirts of urban areas faced with the problem of the narrowness of the land
and the high demands of the community towards environmental quality, and thus
the application of efficient land cultivation with emphasis on the input /
organic input needs to be done. Given the role of organic fertilizers and urea as a
source of N in soil and plants is very important, so we tried to examine the
influence of urea on the growth of corn plants.
B.
Research
Objectives
The experiment was conducted with the aim of:
1. Determine the effect of urea on the growth of corn plants.
2. Knowing the prospects of interaction of urea fertilizer on corn plants.
1. Determine the effect of urea on the growth of corn plants.
2. Knowing the prospects of interaction of urea fertilizer on corn plants.
C. Place of
Research
For planting treatment,
observation and data processing and preparation of Corn crop reports conducted
in the area Ciater, road Ciater Highway No. 42, serpong
D. Time Research
● Investment : August 14,
2011
● Measurement : 1st August 29, 2011
● Measurement : 1st August 29, 2011
2nd Oktober 23, 2011
● Data Processing : November 7,2011
● Data Processing : November 7,2011
E. Problem
formulation
After
giving a basic problem that underlies the writing of scientific papers, the
authors formulate the problem as follows.
1. How does the influence of urea on the growth of corn plants?
2. What are the prospects of interaction of urea fertilizer on corn plants?
1. How does the influence of urea on the growth of corn plants?
2. What are the prospects of interaction of urea fertilizer on corn plants?
F. Benefits of Research
In writing
scholarly papers there are some who want to achieve objectives, namely:
●Community:
1. Give the prospective business opportunity.
●For Student / Writer :
1. Expand and develop the science,particularly in agriculture;
2. Train writer capability to solve problems and poured into scientific writing;
1. Expand and develop the science,particularly in agriculture;
2. Train writer capability to solve problems and poured into scientific writing;
3. To train and develop the potential of scientific
process skills and helps students to know and get closer to the object or
matter of biology.
G. Variable
1. Variable-free :
Urea Fertilizer
2. Dependent variable : Maize Plants
3. Variable Control : Water and light
2. Dependent variable : Maize Plants
3. Variable Control : Water and light
H.
Hypothesis
formulation fertilizer to the plants
at the age of less than one and a half months, will result in plants will not
thrive, because the plant is still very easy and not able to perform the
synthesis of a given fertilizer. The higher dose of fertilizer will speed up
the wilting plants is given, so that over time the plant will burn / die due to
the concentration of fertilizer that is too high
CHAPTER II
BASIS OF THEORY
1. Soepardi, 1979; Nurhayati Hakim et al., 1986
Provision of organic fertilizer can
improve soil properties such as physical properties, chemical and biological
soil. Organic material is an adhesive loose granular, a
source of plant nutrients and energy source of
most soil organisms.
2. Lund dan Doss, 1980; Aidi et al., 1996
Provision of organic fertilizer can
increase the solubility of elements P, K, Ca and Mg, increased C-organic,
cation exchange capacity, soil water holding capacity, lower Al saturation and
bulk density (BD) of land.
3. Notohadiprawiro, 1998
3. Notohadiprawiro, 1998
Provision
of urea fertilizer in the soil affect the chemical properties and biological
(biological) soil. Chemical and biological functions that are important
include buffers as ion exchange and chemical, as a storehouse of nutrients N,
P, and S, dissolution of phosphate ions by complexation of Fe and Al in soil
and soil microorganisms as an energy source.
CHAPTER III
REVIEW REFERENCES
Zea mays
|
Scientific classification
|
Zea mays ssp. Mays
|
Corn
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the
world's most important food crop, but wheat and rice. As the main carbohydrate sources in Central and South
America, corn is also an alternative source of food in the United States. Population of several regions in Indonesia (eg Madura
and homeland southeast) also uses corn as a staple food. Aside from being sumbere carbohydrate, corn is also
grown as fodder (forage and cob), the oil taken from the grain, made of flour
(from grain, known as corn flour or cornstarch), and industrial raw materials
(flour, grain flour ddan cob). Corn
cobs are rich in pentoses, which are used as raw material for the manufacture
of furfural. Genetically engineered
corn that has now also grown as a producer of pharmaceutical ingredients.
FERTILIZER Fertilizer is a material that is added to the growing media and plants to provide for the necessary plant nutrients so that they can produce well. Fertilizer material may be organic material or non-organic (mineral). Fertilizer is different from supplements.Fertilizers contain raw materials of plant growth and development, while hormone supplements such as herbs help smooth the process of metabolism. Into fertilizer, especially fertilizers, supplements may be added a number of materials.
Urea.
Urea is an organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen with formula CON2H4 or (NH2) 2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide are mainly used in Europe. Another name often used is carbamide resin, isourea, carbonyl diamide and carbonyldiamine. These compounds are organic compounds made the first successful synthesis of inorganic compounds, which ultimately undermine the concept of vitalism
Urea
|
|
General
|
|
International name
|
Diaminomethanal
|
Othernames carbamide
|
Molecular formula
|
Molecular formula
|
(NH2)2CO
|
Formula up
|
NC(=O)N
|
Atomic mass
|
60.07 g/mol
|
sightings
|
of white solid
with no odor
|
CAS number
|
[57-13-6]
|
Properties
|
|
Heavy type and
phase
|
|
Solubility in
water
|
108 g/100 ml (20 °C)
167 g/100 ml (40 °C) 251 g/100 ml (60 °C) 400 g/100 ml (80 °C) 733 g/100 ml (100 °C) |
Melting point
|
132.7 °C (406 K)
decomposes |
Boiling point
|
n.a.
|
Acidity (pKa)
|
0.18
|
Basicity (PKB)
|
13.82
|
Not chiral
|
|
Thickness
|
|
Criticalrelative
humidity
|
81% (20 °C)
73% (30 °C) |
Heat of solution in water
|
-57,8 cal/g (endothermic)
|
46,6 %N
|
|
Structure
|
|
?
|
|
trigonal planar
|
|
?
|
|
Hazards
|
|
?
|
|
? °C
|
|
R: ? S: ?
|
|
RTECS number
|
?
|
CHAPTER
IV
CONCEPT OF GROWTH
1.
CONCEPT germination
Germination
Germination is the growth of the embryo in the seeds are slowly becoming an adult plant.
Germination is affected by external factors (water content, temperature, oxygen, and light) and internal factors (hormones, embryo maturation, seed dormancy trait Dann)
Germination process sequence:
imbibisi (entry of water into the seed) active enzymes for metabolic processes, unload the food reserves in the cotyledons / endosperm. The results of an energy source as the demolition of the building blocks of cell components, and embryo growth. Dann developing embryo grows
Germination is the growth of the embryo in the seeds are slowly becoming an adult plant.
Germination is affected by external factors (water content, temperature, oxygen, and light) and internal factors (hormones, embryo maturation, seed dormancy trait Dann)
Germination process sequence:
imbibisi (entry of water into the seed) active enzymes for metabolic processes, unload the food reserves in the cotyledons / endosperm. The results of an energy source as the demolition of the building blocks of cell components, and embryo growth. Dann developing embryo grows
2. PHASE
germination
Stages of growth and development:
1.Cells fission(cleavage): The number of multiply
2.Specialization: similar cells are grouped
3.Differentiation cells: These cells have different shapes and functions
4.Organogenesis cells: the formation of plant organs
5.Morfogenesis cells: Organ with one another to have specificity in form and function
Germination; process of grain growth into new living
Stages of growth and development:
1.Cells fission(cleavage): The number of multiply
2.Specialization: similar cells are grouped
3.Differentiation cells: These cells have different shapes and functions
4.Organogenesis cells: the formation of plant organs
5.Morfogenesis cells: Organ with one another to have specificity in form and function
Germination; process of grain growth into new living
3. GROWTH PHASE AND germination
In general, corn has the same growth pattern, but the time interval antartahap Growth and a growing number of leaves can be different. The growth of corn can be grouped into three phases:
(1) phase of germination, when the water imbibisi process characterized by swelling seeds until just before the emergence of first leaf;
(2) vegetative growth phase, the phase starts the first open leaf emergence to tasseling and perfect before the release of female flowers (silking), this phase diidentifiksi by the number of leaves formed;
(3) reproductive phase, the phase of growth after silking to physiological cook.
4. TYPES OF CORN CROP AFTER germination was observed
Type germination Hipogaeal
Germination is characterized by the position of cotyledons (seed) remain in the ground. It usually occurs in monocot plants, including corn.
5. GROWTH FACTORS AFFECTING CORN CROPS
1. Factors Temperature / Temperature Environment
Low high temperature is one factor that determines the growth and development, reproduction and survival of plants. Good temperature for the plants is between 22 degrees centigrade to 37 degree Celsius. Temperatures are more or less than the normal limit can lead to slow or stop growth.
2. Factors Humidity / Humidity Air
Water content in the air can affect plant growth and development. Damp areas favorable for the plant where the plant can get water more easily and reduced evaporation which will impact on the formation of a more rapid cell.
3. Solar Light Factors
Sunlight is needed by plants to perform photosynthesis (especially green plants). If a crop shortage of sunlight, then the plant may appear pale and the color was yellowish plants (etiolasi). On the sprouts, just sunshine may inhibit the growth process.
CHAPTER V
INSTRUMENT OBSERVATIONS
A. Tool :
No
|
tool
|
amount of volume
|
1
|
Flower pot
|
3 pieces
|
2
|
Ruler
|
1 piece
|
3
|
Ballpoint
|
1 piece
|
4
|
Exercise book
|
1 piece
|
5
|
Scales
|
1 piece
|
6
|
Spoon
|
1 piece
|
7
|
Digital Camera
|
1 piece
|
B. Material :
No
|
Material
|
amount of volume
|
1
|
Land
|
-
|
2
|
Seeds of corn plants
|
12 seeds
|
3
|
Water
|
-
|
4
|
Fertilizer urea of A
|
0,1 gram
|
5
|
Fertilizer urea of B
|
0,2 gram
|
6
|
Fertilizer urea of C
|
0,3 gram
|
C. How it Works Research
1.
Choose
seeds of superior plants by seeds soak for ± 24 hours, select the
seeds that sink.
2.
Prepare 3
pieces of pots and each pot filled with soil that had been
Prepared.
3.
4 Plant the
corn seeds in each pot.
4.
Wash pots that have been planted corn seed
every morning and evening.
5.
Measure the
height of plants after grain corn grow (germinate) ± on day.
6.
Give urea
fertilizer in each pot with a different dose that is;
(A = 0.1 grams of pot; pot B = 0.2 grams; pot C = 0.3 grams) on day.
(A = 0.1 grams of pot; pot B = 0.2 grams; pot C = 0.3 grams) on day.
7.
Do
observations every day for 20 days after the plants grow.
8.
Observe and
compare the three plants in the pot, what happens to plants when fertilized with different doses.!
CHAPTER VI
TABLE OF DATA OBSERVATIONS
TABLE OF DATA OBSERVATIONS
POT
|
SEED
TO
|
PLANTS SEEDS TO-LONG
/ DAY/ CM
|
||||||
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
||
A
|
1
|
-
|
1,0
|
1,3
|
1,8
|
1,7
|
2,3
|
2,8
|
2
|
1,0
|
1,5
|
1,8
|
2,5
|
2,6
|
3,1
|
3,4
|
|
B
|
1
|
0,5
|
1,0
|
1,5
|
2,3
|
2,8
|
3,5
|
4,0
|
2
|
1,0
|
1,4
|
2,0
|
2,5
|
3,0
|
3,8
|
4,3
|
|
C
|
1
|
-
|
1,0
|
1,7
|
2,2
|
2,7
|
3,3
|
3,8
|
2
|
0,7
|
1,2
|
1,9
|
2,6
|
3,2
|
3,6
|
4,1
|
|
TABLE. 1 CROP CONDITIONS ON DAY
POT
|
SEED
TO
|
PLANTS SEEDS TO-LONG
/ DAY
|
AVERAGE
|
||||||
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
|||
A
|
1
|
3,2
|
3,9
|
4,5
|
5,6
|
5,8
|
6,7
|
8,0
|
3,45
|
With urea levels of 0.1 grams
|
2
|
4,3
|
5,0
|
5,9
|
6,9
|
7.5
|
8,2
|
9,7
|
3,40
|
Description: ● 3 leaves
● has a strong roots fibers
|
|||||||||
B
|
1
|
4,8
|
5,5
|
6,3
|
7,9
|
8,6
|
9,7
|
11,3
|
3,86
|
With urea levels of 0.2 grams
|
2
|
5,0
|
6,0
|
7.6
|
8,7
|
9,4
|
10,4
|
11,7
|
3,42
|
Description: ● 6 leaves
● stronght roots fibers then pot A
|
|||||||||
C
|
1
|
4,6
|
5,8
|
6.9
|
8,4
|
9,8
|
11,0
|
12,5
|
4,21
|
With urea levels of 0.3 grams
|
2
|
4,8
|
6,0
|
7,8
|
9,3
|
10,1
|
11,8
|
13,0
|
4,49
|
Description: ● 10 leaves
● most stronght roots fbers many pot
|
|||||||||
TABEL.2
PLANT CONDITION ON DAY AFTER BEING GIVEN FERTILIZER
CHAPTER VII
DIAGRAM OF DATA OBSERVATIONS
A. Diagram column
B.Diagram
line
CHAPTER VIII
DATA
ANALYSIS
A. Effect
of Urea Fertilizer Plant Growth Against the Corn
Increasing doses of urea fertilizer can increase the total-N in the soil. Increased levels of N-total in the soil made possible through two ways, ie directly where the higher dose of urea fertilizer is given as a source of nutrient N N then the number given to the soil are also higher, so the levels of N-total in the soil increases. Indirectly, increased doses of urea will lead to increased activity of microorganisms in the overhaul of organic fertilizer is given, so that more and more-organic N mineralized from the organic fertilizer provided.
Provision of urea fertilizer in the soil affect the chemical properties and biological (biological) soil. Chemical and biological functions that are important include buffers as ion exchange and chemical, as a storehouse of nutrients N, P, and S, dissolution of phosphate ions by complexation of Fe and Al in soil and soil microorganisms as an energy source.
Increasing doses of urea fertilizer can increase the total-N in the soil. Increased levels of N-total in the soil made possible through two ways, ie directly where the higher dose of urea fertilizer is given as a source of nutrient N N then the number given to the soil are also higher, so the levels of N-total in the soil increases. Indirectly, increased doses of urea will lead to increased activity of microorganisms in the overhaul of organic fertilizer is given, so that more and more-organic N mineralized from the organic fertilizer provided.
Provision of urea fertilizer in the soil affect the chemical properties and biological (biological) soil. Chemical and biological functions that are important include buffers as ion exchange and chemical, as a storehouse of nutrients N, P, and S, dissolution of phosphate ions by complexation of Fe and Al in soil and soil microorganisms as an energy source.
POT A → Slow growth ( level urea 0,1 grams )
POT B →
more faster growth up then POT A (level urea 0,2 grams )
POT C → most fastest growth up them. ( level urea 0,3 grams )
B. Prospect of
Urea Fertilizer Interaction Of Corn
Increasing
doses of urea as a source of N can increase crop yield.This is because the
function of N is directly involved in protein formation and repair of plant
vegetative growth, where the plants that grow on land that enough N, the color
is more green.
CHAPTER IX
CLOSING
CLOSING
A.
Conclusion
Ø
Provision of fertilizer
on plants at the age of less than one and a half months will result in plants
will not thrive, even the plants will die due to very high concentrations of
fertilizer.
Ø
Provision of fertilizer
with very high doses causes plants to become stunted.
B.
Suggestion
Ø
The farmers should
implement good management in the cultivation of corn plants.
Ø
Farmers should look for
a new breakthrough to improve the quality of their products.
Ø
Government should
provide assistance to farmers, especially fertilizer subsidies are cheap.
REFERENCES
Hardjowigeno, S. 1987. Soil
Science. PT. Medyatama means Perkasa. Jakarta. Pp. : 73-76
Soepardi, G. 1979. Soil
properties and characteristics.Department of Soil Sciences, IPB Bogor. 59 pp.
Notohadiprawiro, T. 1998. Land
and Environment. Director General of
Higher Education. MOEC. Jakarta.
Nurhayati Judge, M.Y. Nyakpa, A.M. Lubis,
S.G. Nugroho, M.K.Saul. M.A. Diha,
G.B. Hong and H.H. Bailey. 1986. Basics of Soil Science. Unila. 488
pp.
Barrer,
R.M. (1978) Zeolites and Clay Minerals as Sorbents and Moleculer Sieves.
Academic Press. London.
Nazaruddin. 1983. Cultivation
and Harvest Vegetables Lowland settings. New York: Self spreader.
[PDF] Center for Soil Research. 1983. Criteria for Soil Chemical Properties. Canberra: Department of Agriculture, National
Agricultural Research and Development
Soepardi G. 1983. Soil
properties and characteristics. Bogor.Department
of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University.
Sarief, E. S. 1986. Agriculture Soil Fertility and Fertilization.Pustaka
Buana. Bandung.
Suwardi,
et al.(1994). The quality of Natural Zeolites from japan and Indonesia and
Their Application Effects for Soil Amendment. Jour. Agri. Sci. Tokyo Nogyo
Daigaku, 39 (3), 133-148
APPENDIX
Corn Seed Tough Land
Plants Pot
Corn Plants After 2 weaks
Posting Komentar